Спеціальні санкції як вид адміністративної відповідальності у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності

Abstract

У статті визначено підстави та порядок застосування спеціальних санкцій у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, проаналізовано їх призначення, надано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства, що спрямовані на зменшення та профілактику правопорушень у зовнішньоекономічній сфері.

В статье определены основания и порядок применения специальных санкций в сфере внешнеэкономической деятельности, проанализировано их назначение, представлены предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства, направленные на уменьшение и профилактику правонарушений во внешнеэкономической сфере.

The article defines the grounds and the procedure of special sanctions’ application of in the field of foreign activities. The Law of Ukraine “On foreign economic activity” is the basic document in the regulation of foreign economic activity. According to the article 37 of the Act for certain violation by the subjects of foreign economic activity or foreign subjects of economic activity can be applied to special penalties, in fines, the individual mode of licensing, temporary suspension of foreign economic activity. The purpose of the special sanctions’ application is to stop and prevent the repetition of violation to the specifically – addressed level of relatively specific offender in the sphere of foreign economic activities. This aspect allows, from the standpoint of the science of administrative law, to consider the special sanctions in the aspect of administrative compulsion as one of the types of state compulsion. The basis for the special sanctions’ application is a violation of the law of Ukraine “On foreign economic activity” or related laws, so, the application of these sanctions for violation of the presidential decrees’ provisions, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers and other subordinate legislation if these provisions are not stipulated in the above laws, does not correspond to the Law of Ukraine “On foreign economic activity” and therefore it is illegal. Assuming, that any sanctions would severely limit the rights of the company and are financially burdensome, their application should be balanced, which is impossible without a comprehensive assessment of each particular case offences in the sphere of foreign economic activity. In the current legislation of Ukraine the criteria of analysis violation must be clearly stated in foreign trade activities, identified their causes and conditions. Only with such state regulation, we can talk about the opportunity of the effective crime prevention in foreign activity and a substantial their reduction, in fact, the target of any sanctions is the punishment. Therefore, more appropriate and legally weighted would be to establish the specific composition of offenses in the field of foreign economic activity.