Розвиток північноамериканської моделі інтеграції: континентальний та трансконтинентальний напрями

Abstract

У статті розглянуто розвиток регіональної економічної інтеграції в сучасних умовах. Обґрунтовано, що структура сучасного світового господарства визначається певними просторовими сегментами (регіонами), які виступають у якості підсистем світового господарства. Найбільш важливими є регіони тріади, що формує основу для розвитку основних моделей регіональної інтеграції. Досліджено особливості інтеграційних процесів між країнами NAFTA в сучасному світовому господарстві. Запропоновано концептуальні напрями розвитку та поглиблення інтеграційних процесів. Досліджено напрями формування континентальних та трансконтинентальних моделей інтеграції. Проаналізовано новий напрям розвитку інтеграційних процесів у сучасному світовому господарстві – трансконтинентальна інтеграція, досліджено потенціал її розвитку на прикладі північноамериканської моделі регіональної інтеграції.

The article dwells on development of the regional economic integration in the modern world. Previous studies have substantiated that the structure of the modern world economy consists of certain space segments (regions) serving as subsystems of the world economy. The most important regions are those of the triad which forms the framework for development of the following prominent models of regional integration. The article is devoted to research of features of integration processes between NAFTA countries of in the modern world economy. Conceptual development directions are proposed. The thesis analyzes the peculiarities of continental and transcontinental integration models formation. The article analyzes transcontinental integration as a new trend in the development of integration processes in the modern world economy. It examines the potential for its development in the context of North American models of regional integration. Formation of continental and transcontinental vectors of regional integration in the NAFTA countries implies two aspects: development of regional integration within the association, and establishment of the American continental market as well as development of transcontinental integration. Continental vector in the development of the North American model of regional integration depends on the development of integration relation between the NAFTA countries and the countries of Latin America which is of strategic importance primarily for the USA whose policy is aimed at maintaining its world leadership. Establishment of the free trade regime within the whole continent will mean that the USA will enjoy more beneficial conditions than other participants of the continental market. Countries of this region have concluded a significant number of integration agreements with the countries of other world regions. In future, the Free Trade Area between the USA and the EU can become transcontinental in its sense and multilateral in the number of its participants. Those two parties are considered to be the most prominent partners in the world. They have gradually started to develop a dialogue on comprehensive cooperation which should go beyond mere liberalization of trade in goods. It is assumed that free trade regime will also apply to trade in services and investment activities. It is supposed to be aimed at ensuring open markets, harmonization and recognition of relevant technical regulations, norms, rules, and standards. Harmonization of policies towards third countries can also gain increasing importance. Thus, development of integration relations in the North American, Latin American and Caribbean countries set grounds for the development of the American continental and transcontinental model of regional integration. This fully complies with the goal of creating a common American market. The USA is the main actor in achieving this goal.