Публічна дипломатія Австралії

Abstract

У роботі аналізується структура публічної дипломатії Австралії, визначається її ефективність. Встановлюються організації, як урядові, так і неурядові, що займаються реалізацією публічної дипломатії. Аналізується доповідь Сенатського комітету Австралії щодо розвитку публічної дипломатії країни, в якій міститься моніторинг діяльності інституцій, що обіймаються питаннями реалізації публічної дипломатії, рекомендації щодо корегування напрямів реалізації, заходів публічної дипломатії задля підвищення її ефективності. Наводиться аналіз бюджетної звітності Департаменту закордонних справ і торгівлі щодо фінансування публічної дипломатії Австралії. Робиться висновок, що не дивлячись на політику економії, кошти розподіляються таким чином, щоб ефективність публічної дипломатії залишалася високою. Зауважується, що Департамент закордонних справ і торгівлі підтримує діяльність свого веб-сайту, на якому докладно висвітлюються заходи публічної дипломатії, звіти, фінансова документація, стратегії, електронні видання з моніторингу ефективності публічної дипломатії тощо.

The Commonwealth of Australia is the world's sixth largest country by total area with the population of 24, 400, 000 people. Australia has the world's 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income and also represents the 12th largest defence budget. Australian foreign policy develops under certain geographical conditions (it is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent) and the fact that it has common sea borders with a number of island states, such as Indonesia, New Zealand, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands. This article analyzes the structure of public diplomacy in Australia, determines its efficiency, defines organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, engaged in the implementation of public diplomacy. The author also reviews the Report by the Australian Senate on the development of public diplomacy, which includes the monitoring of the activities of institutions engaged in the implementation of public diplomacy and provision of recommendations on the coordination of the lines of implementation and public diplomacy efforts aimed at the efficiency improvement. The present paper also studies the budgetary reporting of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade on allocation of funds on the Australian public diplomacy. The author concludes that despite the economic austerity, funds are allocated in a way that does not interfere with the high efficiency of public diplomacy. The discussion of the special 2007 Report on Public Diplomacy by the Australian Senate demonstrates that there is a number of organizations and private sector actors, and civil society representatives that consider themselves as one of the creators and promoters of the Australian public diplomacy. Submissions, written or oral, were received by the Senate from over 30 institutions and individuals. It should be noted that most of Australia’s universities are considered to be state (as opposed to federal) institutions, though in a sense, they may be viewed as a part of the third sector. The federal level government agencies and institutions engaged in public diplomacy development are as follows: Australian Broadcasting Corporation; Australian Agency for International Development; Australia Council of the Arts; Аustralia Film Commission; Australian Sports Commission; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, after 2015 – Department of Agriculture and Water Resources; Department of Education, Science and Training; Department of Defence; Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; Invest Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the body primarily responsible for implementing Australia’s public and cultural diplomacy programs on behalf of the Government to advance foreign and trade policy objectives. DFAT states that public diplomacy became one of the main areas of focus of the organization. Thus, expenditure on public diplomacy in 2014–2015 comprised 15,182 AUD. According to this document, expenditure on public diplomacy in 2015-2016 reduced to 5,044 AUD and to 4,594 AUD in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. The tendency towards reduction of expenditure is preconditioned by the general austerity policy of Australian government. It is worth to mention that other budget-related programs such as "Program for the promotion of tourism perspectives of Australia", "Assistance for the development program" etc. can also be regarded as public diplomacy efforts. If one considers these programs as an item on a state budget spent on public diplomacy by Australian government, it will account for hundreds of millions of AUD. Under the above-mentioned budget plan, the main aim of the public diplomacy program was the creation of a positive current image of Australia and promotion of a clear understanding of its governmental policy, aims and more active integration into Indo-Pacific Region. The results expected from the implementation of the public diplomacy are as follows: the promotion of people-to-people contacts and the positive current image of Australia as the area of focus for business activities, investments, tourism, education, and support of the tasks of the foreign policy of the government. In addition, the report mentions the promotion of national Australian interests through new approaches, which attract foreign audiences with the modern image of Australia and facilitate the establishment of networks, cooperation and links between people and institutions to build understanding, trust and influence. DFAT maintains the operation of the web-site which provides insight into the public diplomacy events, reports, financing documents, strategies, electronic sources on monitoring of the efficiency of public diplomacy etc.